Gold, Power and Pan-Africanism
Burkina Faso’s gold reserves have become the center of a geopolitical tug-of-war, with recent allegations from the United States sparking both domestic outrage and international debate. At the heart of the controversy is Captain Ibrahim Traoré, whose assertive policies on resource nationalization have drawn both praise and criticism.
U.S. Accusations Ignite Controversy
In April 2025, General Michael Langley, head of U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM), alleged that Burkina Faso’s gold revenues were being used to bolster Traoré’s military regime rather than benefit its citizens. These claims, made during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, were met with swift condemnation from the Burkinabè government, which labeled the remarks as “regrettable” and “gravely inaccurate”.
The accusations have been perceived by many in Africa as a continuation of neocolonial narratives, with critics arguing that Western powers are attempting to undermine African sovereignty under the guise of promoting good governance.
Nationalizing Gold for Economic Independence
Under Traoré’s leadership, Burkina Faso has embarked on a bold strategy to reclaim control over its mineral wealth. The government has nationalized several foreign-owned gold mines and established the state-run Société de Participation Minière du Burkina (SOPAMIB) to oversee the sector . Additionally, plans are underway to construct the country’s first gold refinery, aiming to process gold domestically and increase state revenues.
These moves are part of a broader vision to utilize gold profits for national development projects, including infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
Public Support and Regional Implications
Despite international criticism, Traoré enjoys significant domestic support, particularly among youth and pan-Africanist groups who view his policies as steps toward true independence. Mass rallies in Ouagadougou have demonstrated public backing for the junta, with many citizens expressing solidarity with Traoré’s vision for a self-reliant Burkina Faso.
Regionally, Burkina Faso’s actions have inspired similar moves in neighboring countries. Mali and Niger have also taken steps to assert greater control over their mining sectors, signaling a shift toward resource nationalism in the Sahel.
As Burkina Faso navigates these complex dynamics, the nation stands at a crossroads between external pressures and internal aspirations for sovereignty and self-determination.
